You are reading the 2026 curriculum (exams up to November 2026). Sitting in February 2027 or later? Go to the 2027 Ethical and Professional Standards guide.
The six principles of the Code of Ethics
Members and candidates must act with integrity, competence, diligence and respect; put the integrity of the profession and clients' interests above their own; use reasonable care and independent judgment; practice professionally and encourage others to; promote the integrity of global capital markets; and keep improving their own and others' competence.
Before this: How the Code and Standards are enforced: the Professional Conduct Program
On the exam
- Identify the six components of the Code of Ethics and the seven Standards of Professional Conduct
Identify the six components of the Code of Ethics. Expect "which of the following is part of the Code of Ethics?" with one option borrowed from a Standard or invented.
How deeply to learn each part
- Know the idea
- Understand it in general. It frames other topics, but you will not calculate with it.
- Use it
- Understand it well enough to solve a question with it. Recognize when it applies.
- Memorize
- Learn it by heart. The exam will not give it to you.
You know this one. The full lesson is folded away. The takeaways, formulas and checkpoint below are your quick refresher, and the checkpoint is a fair test of whether you still do.
You tested strong here. The full lesson is folded away. The takeaways, formulas and checkpoint below are your quick refresher, and the checkpoint is a fair test of whether you still know it.
What does the Code of Ethics say?
The Code of Ethics is the short, high-level statement of what every member and candidate stands for. It has six principles. The Preamble explains why they matter: the Code and Standards together are the foundation of the profession’s credibility and of the trust that clients and markets place in it.
Know the idea
The six principles in plain words
- Integrity and respect : act with integrity, competence, diligence and respect, and in an ethical manner, toward the public, clients, employers, colleagues and other market participants.
- Others first : place the integrity of the investment profession and the interests of clients above your own personal interests.
- Care and independent professional judgment : use reasonable care and exercise independent professional judgment when analyzing, recommending, acting and doing other professional work.
- Professional practice : practice, and encourage others to practice, in a professional and ethical way that reflects well on you and on the profession.
- Integrity of capital markets : promote the integrity and viability of global capital markets for the ultimate benefit of society.
- Professional competence : maintain and improve your own competence, and strive to help other investment professionals improve theirs.
Memorize
- Integrity and respect Memorize integrity, competence, diligence and respect toward all
- Others first Memorize profession and clients before yourself
- Care and independence Memorize reasonable care, independent professional judgment
- Professional practice Memorize and encourage others to do the same
- Market integrity Memorize integrity and viability of global capital markets
- Competence Memorize improve your own and others'
Memory hook: I Owe Clients Proper Market Competence gives Integrity, Others first, Care, Practice, Markets, Competence in order.
How do you spot a fake principle?
Exam writers build the wrong options from three places: a Standard reworded as if it were a principle (“must not accept gifts that could compromise independence” is Standard I(B)), a commercial goal the Code never mentions (“maximize returns”), or a loyalty the Code does not name (“put your employer first”). A genuine principle is broad and has no detailed condition. If it sounds like a rule with exceptions and procedures, it belongs to the Standards.
| Option on the exam | Where it really comes from |
|---|---|
| Maximize risk-adjusted returns for all clients | Not in the Code. Care and independent judgment are |
| Comply with every employer policy | Not a Code principle. Employer duties sit in Standard IV |
| Always disclose personal holdings | Closer to Standards VI(A) and VI(B), not the Code |
| Must not accept gifts that compromise judgment | Standard I(B) |
Exam tip If an option is a long, specific condition, it is a Standard. If it is a short, broad commitment, it is probably the Code.
Go deeper How the principles map onto the seven Standards
The Standards are the principles made specific. Integrity and respect run through Standard I (Professionalism). Putting clients first becomes Standard III (Duties to Clients) and Standard VI (Conflicts of Interest). Care and independent judgment show up in I(B) (Independence and Objectivity) and V(A) (Diligence and Reasonable Basis). Market integrity is Standard II. Competence, once only a Code principle, now also has its own Standard, I(E). Duties to employers (Standard IV) and responsibilities as a member or candidate (Standard VII) rest on professional practice. You do not need to memorize a one-to-one table; the exam asks you to identify the principles, not to map them.
Go deeper Why the profession's integrity sits next to clients' interests
A client is harmed directly when an adviser puts herself first. But every such episode also lowers trust in the whole industry, which makes clients and investors more hesitant and raises the price of raising capital. By naming the profession’s integrity alongside clients, the Code treats an individual’s conduct as something that affects everyone who relies on the markets.
Memorize this
MemorizeThe six principles of the Code of Ethics
| # | Principle | In plain words |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Integrity and respect | Act with integrity, competence, diligence and respect, and ethically, toward everyone in the markets |
| 2 | Others first | Put the integrity of the profession and clients' interests above your own |
| 3 | Care and independence | Use reasonable care and independent professional judgment |
| 4 | Professional practice | Practice, and encourage others to practice, professionally and ethically |
| 5 | Market integrity | Promote the integrity and viability of global capital markets for the benefit of society |
| 6 | Competence | Maintain and improve your competence; help others improve theirs |
Memory hook I Owe Clients Proper Market Competence: Integrity, Others first, Care, Practice, Markets, Competence.
Know it cold The Code is principles. Anything with a detailed condition ("must not accept gifts that...") is a Standard. The employer is never on the "above my own interests" list.
- Integrity and respect Memorize integrity, competence, diligence and respect toward all
- Others first Memorize profession and clients before yourself
- Care and independence Memorize reasonable care, independent professional judgment
- Professional practice Memorize and encourage others to do the same
- Market integrity Memorize integrity and viability of global capital markets
- Competence Memorize improve your own and others'
How it is asked
-
Which is a Code principle?
Which is a principle of the Code of Ethics? One option is "maximize risk-adjusted returns for all clients".
Pick the wording that matches the six. Reasonable care and independent professional judgment is a principle; "maximize returns" is not.
-
Whose interests above your own?
The Code places which interests above the member's own?
The integrity of the profession and clients' interests. Trap: the employer's.
-
Code or Standard?
"Promote the integrity and viability of the global capital markets" is part of...
The Code of Ethics. Related Standard II(B) is a specific prohibition on market manipulation.
Exam traps
- Choosing a Standard's wording (for example "must not accept gifts") as a Code principle.
- Thinking the Code puts the employer's interests first. It names the profession and clients.
- "Maximize client returns" is not a principle. Care and independent judgment are.
- Treating the Code as a rulebook. It states principles; the Standards set the specific conduct.
Checkpoint
3 exam-style questions. About 90 seconds each.
1Which of the following is a principle of the CFA Institute Code of Ethics?
2Under the Code of Ethics, members and candidates must place which interests above their own?
3"Promote the integrity and viability of the global capital markets for the ultimate benefit of society" is:
Key takeaways
- Six principles: integrity and respect; others first; care and independence; professional practice; market integrity; competence.
- Memory hook: I Owe Clients Proper Market Competence.
- The Code states principles; the Standards set specific required conduct.
- The Code applies to members and to candidates in the CFA Program.
Questions about this lesson?
Where this comes back
- The seven Standards of Professional Conduct at a glance Code of Ethics and Standards of Professional Conduct
- Guidance for Standards I–VII Ethical and Professional Standards
Questions candidates ask
What are the six components of the CFA Code of Ethics?
Act with integrity, competence, diligence and respect; place the profession and clients first; use reasonable care and independent professional judgment; practice and encourage others to practice professionally and ethically; promote the integrity of global capital markets; and maintain and improve competence.
What is the difference between the Code of Ethics and the Standards of Professional Conduct?
The Code is a short set of high-level principles. The Standards are specific duties, grouped into seven headings with 23 sub-sections, that put the principles into practice. The two are meant to be read together.
Does the CFA Code of Ethics apply to candidates?
Yes. All CFA Institute members and candidates enrolled in the CFA Program must comply with the Code and Standards, and candidates can be disciplined for breaches.
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